Which of the following are common side effects associated with opioid analgesics?

Opioid analgesics are powerful medications commonly used to manage pain. They are known for a range of side effects that often accompany their use. The correct choice highlights three side effects that are particularly prominent and clinically significant: constipation, respiratory depression, and sedation.

Constipation is a well-documented and common issue for patients on opioid therapy because opioids bind to receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, slowing down bowel motility. This effect often requires additional interventions, such as the use of laxatives, to manage.

Respiratory depression is a serious side effect of opioids, as these medications can depress the central nervous system and thus impair the respiratory drive. This risk is especially pronounced when opioids are taken in higher doses or in combination with other sedatives.

Sedation is another common effect, where patients may experience drowsiness or a decreased level of consciousness, particularly at the initiation of therapy or when dosages are increased.

These side effects can significantly impact a patient's quality of life and need to be closely monitored by healthcare providers to ensure safe and effective management of pain.